My Judo: Masahiko Kimura

[LWPD]

'My Judo' by Masahiko Kimura
Translated By PDE King

The following is a multi part series of translations covering the Japanese auto-biography (never officially translated to English) of the legendary Judoka Masahiko Kimura. Full credit for the postings and translations goes to PDE King...a great contributer of content...and a true master of Partial Differential Equations.

(1) The following is what motivated me to start judo. It was around the beginning of my 4th grade year. During a large-scale school cleaning (this is called Oh-Sohji) (Note: in Japan, pupils clean the class rooms, lavatories, corridors, gyms, and so forth, from elementary school to high school), Mr. Tagawa in charge of my class was absent. When I noticed it, I ran to a nearby Manto (Japanese pastries) Shop, ate four or five Manto, and came back to the school. I then noticed that some of my class mates were carrying the teacher's desk. I ran toward the desk and jumped onto the desk. The desk collapsed making a loud sound. I jumped up and down with joy screaming "Banzai, Banzai". Suddenly, someone grabbed me firmly in the rear lapel and pulled me backward. When I turned my head, I found Mr. Tagawa , who I thought was absent, glaring at me with a very scary look. He yelled "Idiot face!" and slapped me in the face. He then threw me to the floor. He pulled me up, slapped me, and threw me to the floor again. After this, I was scolded in the teachers' room, and stood on the corridor. After this incident, I decided to get even with Mr. Tagawa. I though about how to get a revenge on him for about a week, and investigated his background. I then found out that he was a 1st dan in judo. I though "Is judo such a formidable art? Then, I would be able to throw him around if I became a 2nd dan.". Soon after this, I entered Shoh-doh-kan Dojo nearby my elementary school.

(2) When I was in the 5th grade, I had my first shiai. I participated in a team match with Nakayama Dojo which was about 6km away from my dojo. My opponent was an 8th grader and was bigger than I. I attempted Tai-Otoshi and Oh-soto-gari, bt he did not move a bit. I then tried Oh-uchi-gari, he reversed it threw me onto the floor, and pinned me by Kami-shihoh-gatame. I could not get out of it and lost.

(3) When I was in the 7th grade, my older brother came home crying, saying that he got bitten by dogs. The next night, I went out for revenge. I found mid-size three dogs at a storage of a geisha house that was about 50 meters away from my house. They were the enemies. I called them one by one with a whistle, and kicked it with a geta (wooden sandal) by full force. When I passed by the storage, all the 3 dogs were covered with a bandage. Through this experience, I developed boldness and confidence for fighting with humans.

(4) When I was in the 8th grade, I entered a prefecture sumo tournament and placed 2nd. In the final, I threw my opponent by Oh-sotogari, but the ref called my opponent the winner saying that my foot got of the ring first. After this incident, Mr. Ogawa of Chinsei Junior High visited my house with a student named Nakayama. He invited me to enter Chinsei Junior High and become a member of the judo club or sumo club. In April 1932, I entered this school (Note: in Japan, a new school year starts in April). As soon as I entered Chinsei Junior High, I started to practice at Kawakita dojo 3 time a week. I practiced at Chinsei Junior High, Kawakita dojo, Butokuden, and Imperial 5th High (today's Kumamoto University). In those days, I practiced 5 hours a day. In addition, I did 300 push-ups daily.

When I transferred to Chinsei Junior High, I was a 1st kyu. One day, Mr. Ogawa told me to take a promotion test. I went to Butokukai, which was the test center, alone, and threw 5 students of Kumamoto Junior High, and earned the 1st dan. When I took the promotion test for the 2nd dan, I was the captain of the red team, and defeated the remaining 4 members of the white team, all by Ippon. In this way, I became a 2nd dan in April 1933. In order to be a 3rd dan, one must go to the head quarter of Butokukai in Kyoto, and take a written test in addition to a skill test. In the May of my 9th grade year, I went to Kyoto for the first time in my life, and became a 3rd dan. I did not have any problem passing the skill test. But, in the written test, I was completely clueless. The time was running out. I snatched one of the answer sheets finished by someone sitting behind me, wrote my name, and turned it in as mine. I still feel guilty of what I did to the man who wrote the answers. In the summer of my 10th grade year, in a Red-White team match held in Butokuden in Saga Prefecture. As a 3rd dan I threw four 3rd dan opponents and six 4th dan opponents including the captain of the opponent team. As a result of this feat, I was given a 4th dan. A 4th dan 10th grader was very rare in the country. I became well known after this.

(5) I became the captain of Chinsei Junior High when I was in the 3rd year (Note: Before 1946, Japan's school system was 6-5-3-3, as opposed to today's 6-3-3-4, from elementary school to college). When I was in the 4th year in Junior High, my school participated in the National Junior High Championship held in Kyoto. My team advanced to the final. In the final, my team faced Kyoto First Commerce Junior High. This school was very tough and was well known for its strength in Newaza. When my turn as the Captain came, Kyoto First Commerce Junior High team still had 3 members left. I beat these 3 men by Oh-Uchi-Gari, Newaza, and Newaza, respectively. As a result, Chinsei Junior High became the national champion for the first time in its history. Soon after I entered Chinsei Junior High, I was thrown by Funayama, who was 1 year senior to me, by an intense Oh-Soto-Gari, had a concussion, and could not get up for a while. In those days, I always wanted to get even with him, but could not get to his level, which was at the level of captain. However, he was very cautious and observant of me knowing that I would soon catch up with him. On our 3 km way to Butokuden from Chinsei Junior High, and on our way to Nagarokubashi station, from which I used to take a train to go home, whenever, we walked together, he asked my height and weight. He probably wanted to confirm his physical superiority over me. I really hated it. But being one year junior to him, I could not explicitly say that to him (Note: In Japan, particularly in school, the difference of 1 year is like the difference between a master and a servant).

[LWPD]

'My Judo' by Masahiko Kimura
Translated By PDE King

(6)I had two big fights during my Chinsei Junior High days. In those days, in Kumamoto (Note: a prefecture in Kyushu Island. Musashi Miyamoto, the author of "Book of Five Rings" spent the latter half of his life in Kumamoto. Yasuhiro Yamashita is also from Kumamoto.), Budo was widely and feverishly practiced. Given this background, it was a natural consequence that a young man who rapidly became famous became a target of challenge. The first fight occurred when I was in the 2nd year. One member of Chinsei Junior High Judo club, whose name was Iida, who competed for the position of 2nd Year Student Captain (Note: the position of captain exited for each level, ranging from the 1st year through 5th year) with me and lost, developed hatred toward me. On a Saturday of June, on my way to the school dojo, he walked up to me and said, "I have to a little business with you. So, come with me." In a case like this, the meaning of "business" is tacitly understood. He uttered "You are impudent. I am going to get you today.", and took out a jack knife from a pocket, and suddenly thrust it at my abdominal area. I thought I evaded it successfully, but the knife got to my buttock. He got on a bicycle, and started to run away. I also ran after him while bleeding from the buttock, and finally got to his house. He stayed inside the house and did not come out. Instead, his parents came out and apologized to me thoroughly and sincerely. They said, "Our son cut his own hand when he stabbed you, and is in bed now. A doctor is on the way.". It turned out that Iida's injury was more serious than mine. But I had to stay away from practice for about 20 days also. In my 3rd year at the school, I was challenged by K (Note: the name of this student is kept secret in the book) who was then considered to be the no. 1 street fighter among all the junior high school students in the area. He was a student of Kumamoto Commerce Junior High. He was small in stature, but was known to pull out a knife in every street fight. It was known that when he loses, his parents and relatives all join him and ambush for revenge. On my way back from Butokuden, I was about to cross Nagaroku-bridge, he found me and said "Hold it right there. Come with me". We walked to Shimogawara park near the sunset. He said, "You are Kimura, aren't you?". This was the first time that we saw each other face to face. We glared at each other over a distance of about 1 meter. He then suddenly pulled out a Tantoh (short sward), and thrust it forward at me. I evaded it, grabbed him, and threw him hard onto the ground. Now, in this state, he is no match to me. "I am K. I surrender. You are strong." He honestly revealed his identity and apologized. After this, none of his parents came to see me. Moreover, no junior high student challenged me for a street fight.

(7) People call me "Joh-Shoh (meaning " a man of constant wins or a man who always wins) Kimura". However, I have 4 losses in my judo life. I suffered all these losses when I was a 1st year student at Takushoku University. Until then, I had believed that Oh-soto-gari, Seoi-Ange, Oh-Chi-gari, and so on as completed techniques, and compiled wins using these techniques. However, in the spring of 1935, my favorite techniques faced limitations for the first time. (8) In the spring of 1935, soon after I entered the Takushoku University Preparatory Program (Note: this lasts 3 years before 3 years of college program in the old system), in the Red-White Shae (Note: a Shae between Red team and White team) of Kodiak, I beat eight 4th Dan opponents. When I faced the 9th opponent, I was already exhausted. In the 9th bout, I was defeated by Yakima, who was a student at Meiji University, by Harri-Mali-Kori. Still, it was sufficient to receive the 5th Dan. When I returned to Ishim Sense's juju (Note: Mr. Ishim owned a house for judo students on scholarship, where Kimura and other judo students were housed. Such a house is called "juju", meaning a learning center), and reported the result, Ishim Sense gave me a series of slapping in the face. He said, "Shae is equivalent to a real sward 'Kill or Get Killed' duel between Bush. To throw the opponent means to kill him. Being thrown means being killed. You killed 8 men, and got killed by the 9th man. Remember, if you devote your life in judo, you can survive only by throwing your opponents or fighting to a draw no matter how many tough opponents you face.".

In May, I participated in a 5th Dan Selection Shae held by the Ministry of Royal Affairs. In the first bout, I faced Oh-saws 5th Dan of Tokyo Police. In an attempt to throw him at once, I grabbed his left deep lapel with my right hand, and held his right sleeve with my left hand. Oh-saws had positioned his right leg behind. I initiated Oh-soto-gari by full force. He then pulled his right leg backward all the way, and withstood the pressure. I then made a transition to Oh-soto-OTOH. The next moment, my body floated in the air, and was flipped in reverse. I fell to the ground head first, had a concussion, and lost consciousness.

[LWPD]

'My Judo' by Masahiko Kimura
Translated By PDE King

(10) I won All Japan Championship in the fall of 1937. My dream came true. I pinched my cheek several times. It really hurt. It was not a dream. After dinner, I did 500 push-ups, bunny hop 1km, and Makiwara strikes of karate 500 times (Note: on the same day he won All Japan Judo Championship). I could not fall asleep that night due to the fatigue and pain incurred during the bout. All Japan Judo Championship was held on October 23 and 24, 1937 in Kodokan. I defeated Jin-nosuke Yanagizawa 5th dan, Noboru Ueno 5th dan in the first bout, and semi-final, respectively, by Oh-soto-gari.

I faced Masayuki Nakajima 5th dan who was the representative of Manshuu (Note: today's North East China which was Japan's colony in those days, and is depicted in the film "Last Emperor"). His name was well known throughout Japan as well as Manshuu. He was 182 or 183 cm, and 100kg. He had formidable Oh-soto-gari, Oh-uchi-gari, Uchimata, and Tai-otoshi. A number of strong men and big men got treated like kids by him when he applied these techniques. In particular, his tai-sabaki (Note: footwork and moves) that precisely captures his opponents in a quick motion seemed like an exceptional talent he was born with. The final was 1 round 15 minutes. The minimum standard of judgment was Waza-ari. For the first 4 or 6 minutes, I was dominated by him. In those days, my lower body was still weak and had not mastered enough techniques. So, whenever Nakajima pulled me around, my legs wobbled.

To be honest, I had no confidence in the techniques I applied. Moreover, I could not afford to play a chess match with him. I moved only in response to his techniques. I and Nakajima fell together down onto the press seats, which were about 1 meter below the Shiai-Jo (platform) many times. Every time I fell with him, our heads and backs got slammed so hard that we became unable to breath properly for a while. We both got up to the tatami while feeling half unconscious. Neither of us scored anything decisive, and the 2nd round OT started. I guess I was lucky. At very the moment he extended his right arm, I grabbed the sleeve of his right arm with my left hand, and initiated Ippon-zeoi. This caught Nakajima off-guard. I then scored Waza-ari.

While continuing a hard battle, I felt relieved, and thought, "Now, my victory has been secured." However, the next moment, he delivered an intense Uchi-mata. By reflex, I lowered my hip and withstood this. But Nakajima must have calculated this. I felt relieved when I withstood the intense attack (I was very immature). My hip was raised step by step as he initiated the next attack, i.e, Ken-ken Uchi-mata (Note: Nakajima applied his body weight over Kimura leaning forward while hopping on one leg in the state of Uchimata). I could not withstand this attack any longer, and collapsed making a loud sound. He scored Waza-ari!

(11) In the latter half of R2, I reversed Nakajima's Oh-soto-gari, and tried to pin him by Kuzure-kami-shiho-gatame, but he held my right leg with his legs and R2 ended. After 30 minutes of battle, both my skin and do-gi were soaked with sweat. Sweat was dripping in so much quantity that I could hardly open my eyes. I had to open my eyes alternately to see him. Before the next OT, I and Nakajima sat by seiza to bring our do-gi to the proper position. I tried to untie the belt, but I could not generate enough force in my hands to do so. The knot felt as hard as a stone. My fingers were almost completely powerless so that it took me a log time to fix the do-gi.

Then, I saw Nakajima extend his legs alternately rub his calves with his hands. I thought "Those legs are the key for my victory.". I re-tightened my black belt and watched his motion carefully. As soon as the judge announced "Start", I tackled at his legs. He fell from the buttock. I then caught him in Kuzure-kami-shiho-gatame, thinking "I could never win if I lost this chance.", and frantically held him pinned. The long intense battle, which lasted 40 minutes, finally ended. I thought in futon, "Today's victory is a fluke. I had more stamina than Nakajima simply because I am younger than he is. Could I beat him again? Probably not. I would lose next time.". Before the championship, I wanted to win All Japan Championship just once. But once the dream came true, I did not want to give up the title. I felt like defending the title again and again. I got up from futon, turned on the light, and looked at my body. Neither my height (169cm) nor weight (86kg) is outstanding. There was no guarantee that I could continue to defend the title judging from my body size. I kept on thinking everyday, " I want to become a true winner.". About 10 days after this, I came up with a solid good idea. That is, "San-bai no Do-ryoku (Triple Effort)". Until then, I practiced about 6 hours a day.

I thought practicing twice as others would be sufficient since I had heard that others were practicing about 3 hours a day. In reality, however, they had been practicing about 4 hours a day (which I found later). But now I am the champion, others would start to train 6 hours a day to beat me. I could not beat them as long as I trained as hard as others. If my opponents train twice as hard as others, then, I will train 3 times as hard as others, i.e, 9 hours a day. This way, I would gain extra 3 hours a day, and I will do this everyday. The accumulation of this extra hours will become my flesh and blood, that is, by skills and mental power. This will automatically give me real self confidence. If I had this much accumulation, I would be able to fight as usual even if I got sick with fever at 40 degrees centigrade. I practiced "Triple Effort" everyday.

[LWPD]

'My Judo' by Masahiko Kimura
Translated By PDE King

(12) Soon after I started "Triple Effort", information on my rivals started to poured in such as "In Kyoto and Tokyo, tough challengers are studying how to cope with Kimura's initial attack. They are carefully analyzing Kimura's favorite techniques to come up with a method for defending against the techniques and countering them.", and "Hirose 5th dan of Osaka has already extended his training hours to 6 hours from 3 hours. Ishikawa 5th dan of Tokyo Police has started training more than 6 hours a day.". Initially I listened to these information with confidence thinking "I will never lose since I have been training more than 9 hours a day.". However, I after a while, I started to doubt my self-confidence. In those days, I was interested in Zen. I wanted to reach "the state of no ego", discover secret judo techniques and throw around tough opponents using the techniques. But in reality, I missed a chance to go to a Zen temple one after another. That is because it was evident that I would lose my precious time for training by doing so. After all, humans are weak. When they get sick or get into a trouble, they depend on God. I was no exception. I meditated trying to reach the state of no ego. I first struggled to reach the state of no ego, but soon I lost the force for struggling and forgot about tomorrow's bout and the fact that I was sitting. Soon after reaching this state, the character of "win" (Note: the word "win" is represented by one character.) appeared on my mind. But the character soon got superposed on the character of "loss". However, my mind was already empty. I did not make any effort to get the character of "win". I don't know how much time has elapsed since I started to sit. Suddenly, my whole became hot as if somebody poured boiling water over me from above the top of my head, and my body started to tremble. I then noticed that the character of "win" was shining at the center of my forehead as if it had been waiting for me to notice its appearance. "I will win tomorrow's bouts." I was convinced of my victory with pleasure. I believed that it was a message from God that can be given only to those who push to the maximum limit of mental and physical strength and get to the border between life and death. If I had pursued only pleasure, I would have seen the character of "loss". God sides with only those who challenge a difficult task despite the possibility of death. Even though I had no special belief in any religion, it was my interpretation of the existence of God.

(13) I then calmed down from the joyful feeling of victory, turned on the light of the room, and prayed for protection from various gods. I also prayed to the ancestors of the Kimura family. Centuries ago, it is said Musashi Miyamoto who was called the greatest sward master in history, visited a shrine before his battle with the Yoshioka family, and tried to pull a bell uttering "God, please protect me.", but regained calmness and did not ring the bell. "I do not count on gods" It was his motto. I thought, "If I had lived in the same era as Musashi, pursued the way of sward, and fought Musashi, I would never lose. At worst, the fight would go even.". The confidence based on the fact that I trained to the limit of my mental and physical capacity made me think so. Didn't Musashi really ring the bell? No, he must have. Being a man who engaged in life or death combat like me, he would definitely have rung the bell. Once I reached this stage, I wrote "Championship Victory", my name and today's date (the day before the bout) using a brush. To my eyes, tall opponents looked short, and big opponents looked small. An old opponent, who was bigger than I, whom I met recently said to me that I looked big.

(14) The 8th All Japan Championship was held on Oct 16 and 17, 1938 in Kodokan. My first opponent was Tadashi Ichido (Note: the pronunciation his name could be different) 5th dan. I beat him by Oh-uchi-gari. Nakajima 6th dan whom I fought last year in the final lost to Keiichi Ogawa 4th dan by dominance in the elimination round. In the semi-final, I faced Bun-ei Tashiro 6th dan who was called Master of kanibasami (Crab Scissors). He attempted kanibasami on my right leg as soon as the bout started. I had, however, already fully studied counter measures against this technique. Since I had bent my right knee raising my right heel, even though Tashiro managed to hook his legs, he could not rotate his body sufficiently. As a result, he fell to the floor, and slammed his right shoulder onto tatami. He suffered from a broken shoulder bone, and became unable to continue. In the other bracket, Ogawa 4th dan faced Hirose 5th dan, and Ogawa 4th dan won by dominance. Ogawa 4th dan was over 180cm and chunky. He was good at right Uchimata and Oh-uchi-gari. When the final bout started, I attempted Oh-soto-gari. But immediately before that, he attempted Uchimata three times in sequence. I crushed this cutting his hold on my sleeves. Ogawa fell down onto tatami. I immediately pinned him down and held him in Kuzure-kami-shihoh-gatame. He tried to escape, but failed. I scored Ippon in less than 2 minutes. "I will not be content with this. I will win next year also." I vowed to myself holding the championship flag.

(15) The 9th Japan Championship (the name was changed from All Japan Championship) was held on Oct 21 and 22, 1939 in Kodokan. My first opponent was Shi-ichi Nakamura 5th dan. I scored Ippon from him by Oh-soto-gari. My second opponent was Katsutaro Sato 5th dan. I beat him by Oh-soto-otoshi in less than 1 min. The 3rd opponent was Kiyoyoshi Iida 5th dan. He held a low stance to prevent me from attempting any offense. I swung him to the right and threw him by Oh-soto-makikomi. In the quarter semifinal, I faced Hidenosuke Tsujimoto 5th dan. I first attempted Seoi-nage. But it had no effect on him. Soon after this, I attempted Tsurikomi-goshi. I dropped my hip sufficiently low, and quickly rose, he could not withstand and flew up in the air. I scored Ippon. In the semifinal, I faced Tadashi Ochi 5th dan. he was very good at Newaza. As soon as the bout started, he attempted Tomoe-nage to take the fight to the ground for Newaza. I went to the ground to engage in Newaza. But he was so good at Newaza, it was not easy to mount offense on him. I then pulled him up, and attempted Oh-soto-gari. He resisted for a while but I changed to Oh-soto-otoshi, and scored Ippon. In the other bracket, Katsumi Tokizane 5th dan beat Eisaku Iiyama 6th dan by dominance. When I entered the locker room before the final, Tokizane 5th dan appeared. He asked me, "What technique will you use in the final?". I said, "I cannot say such a thing." He then said "You are good at Oh-soto-gari, aren't you?". I pondered for a while, and said "That is not the only technique I am good at, but I will use Oh-soto-gari in the final.". "Are you positive?". "Yes." He then nodded, and left the locker room. The final started. He pulled back his right leg and took a defensive posture against Oh-soto-gari. Of course I had expected this since I had declared "I will use Oh-soto-gari.". I jumped in and initiated Oh-soto-gari. He anticipated this and received my offense. In defiance of his defense, I pushed my whole body against him, and changed to Oh-soto-otoshi. He fell down making a loud sound like a slammed log. I won the national title for the 3rd time.

[LWPD]

'My Judo' by Masahiko Kimura
Translated By PDE King

(16) In judo, when one grabs the opponent's sleeve or lapel, one uses 4 fingers of each hand extending the thumbs. Whether one pushes or pulls the opponent, without pressing the thumbs hard, one cannot grab firmly and the speed is reduced. Moreover, the opponent can easily cut off your hold on the sleeve or lapel. The 4 fingers generate an inward force, and the thumb creates the opposing force, creating a firm grip. Therefore, not using the thumb goes against the principle of dynamics. Even though I knew the efficacy of using the thumb, it was not easy for me to actually master it.

Today, no matter what judo practice or bout I see, I do not see anyone grabbing with 5 fingers, which is disappointing. One day, when I visited Karate Club of Takushoku University to see a karate practice, I noticed that everyone was punching with his thumb over the pointing finger and middle finger. I thought they were all doing so to prevent the thumb from getting jammed on impact. I came to a conclusion that if I practiced Makiwara karate strikes, I would be able to grab with 5 fingers in judo. As soon as I got home, I started Makiwara strikes. After I practiced it everyday for 3 months, I found my hands grabbing my opponent's dogi firmly with 5 fingers. I discovered many things only after I struck Makiwara. I had thought that those who are trained in judo have strong finger tips, elbow, writs, and fists. But, when I actually struck the Makiwara, my finger tips, elbow, writs, and fists all hurt numbingly. Such weak finger tips, elbow, writs, and fists are useless in pulling the opponent or controlling the opponent using elbows or wrists. I therefore slammed these weak parts onto Makiwara and strengthened them in preparation for bouts.

I struck Makiwara with knife hand, backhand, and thrust 4 fingers into a sand box. I did this 1000 times a day. In this way, I developed steel-like strong hands. Later on, I got interested in karate, and learned Shoinji-ryu (Note: today's Shotokan karate) under the guidance of Master Funakoshi for a little over 2 years. After this, I learned Goju-ryu karate from Master So, who was a great master of Gojuryu, and eventually became an assistant instructor in his dojo. (Note: Mas Oyama who was 7 years junior to Kimura practiced karate in these dojo during the same period.) After I finished judo practice at Takushoku University, I went to Kodokan and practiced with top members of Meiji University, Waseda University, Tokyo Police, and Ministry of Royal Affairs. I slammed 23 or 24 4th or 5th dan tough men one after another and attacked them freely. Everyday, at Tokyo Police and Kodokan, about 10 men had a concussion and lost consciousness caused by my Oh-soto-gari. Many of them eventually started to beg me not to use Oh-soto-gari.

(17) In Spring 1940, I was seeded to enter Tenran Shiai (Note: Championship in attendance of Emperor). Tenran Shiai was held on June 18 and 19. My first opponent was 22 year old Ogata 5th dan of Japan Physical Education University. He was good at Tsurikomi-goshi, Oh-soto-gari, and Ko-uchi-gari. Soon after the bout started, he attempted left Tsurikomi-goshi in sequence. He then delivered Ko-uchi-gari and Oh-uchi-gari. I pulled him toward me to de-mobilize him. He tried to move. I then let go of him momentarily. He thought he found an opening and immediately attempted a low Tsurikomi-goshi. When I reversed this, he got slammed hard on tatami, which resulted in Ippon. In the 2nd bout, I faced Tokuichi Takamura, an active Navy officer. Immediately before the bout, Mr. Akira Oh-tani, who was my Shihan at Takushoku University and the winner of Tenran Shiai held in 1933, walked up to me and said "Takamura is a master of Tai-otoshi, He beat me 4 times in a row with Tai-otoshi. Be careful, finish him quickly.". I had never practiced with Takamura. When he pulled his right leg backward a little bit, I delivered Oh-uchi-gari. I scored Waza-ari.

When we returned to the center of the platform, and the bout was re-started, I attempted Oh-soto-gari, and scored Ippon. The bout ended in 1 min 35 sec. The 3rd opponent was Isao Oh-tate 5th dan from Kyoto. He was much taller than heavier than I, and had formidable skills. He first pushed my chest with his hands and delivered left and right Harai-goshi. He then attacked me Oh-soto-gari. I was trying to find out what technique he was trying to attempt at what timing. I held my hip low so that I could hold balance against any type of attack. I attempted Ojh-soto-gari, but he dodged it. Past the 4 min 35 sec mark, I delivered Oh-soto-gari, again. He pulled his right leg backward, and resisted the pressure of Oh-soto-gari while arching his whole body. But I applied my weight over him and changed from Oh-soto-gari to Oh-soto-otoshi. He then fell onto the floor head first. I scored Ippon.

(18) In the 1st bout of Semifinal, Takahiko Ishikawa 5th dan defeated Ryokichi Hirata 6th dan by dominance. In the 2nd bout of Semifinal, I faced Hirose 5th dan. I had beat him twice before by dominance. I had decided to score Ippon from him this time. As soon as we got hold of each other, I attempted Oh-soto-gari. Hirose defened this well, and returned offense with left and right Harai-goshi. I countered these with Mae-goshi and repelled him. Hirose then delivered Oh-uchi-gari. But it collided with my Oh-soto-gari, and we both fell together. I tried to initiate Newaza, but Hirose stood up. I attempted Oh-soto-gari for the 3rd time, but had no effect, and we got out of the platform. I attempted Oh-soto-gari for the 4th time with full force. He quickly pulled his right leg backward and resisted the pressure. I then changed to Oh-soto-otoshi, and applied my body weight over him. He fell to the floor head first. I scored Ippon. Later on, when I met him and the topic got to Tenran shiai, he said "Since I had heard that you were training 6 hours a day, I trained 6.5 hours a day. I thought I was ready to beat you. I did not even imagine that you were training as much as 9 hours a day."

[LWPD]

'My Judo' by Masahiko Kimura
Translated By PDE King

(19) In Final, I faced Ishikawa 5th dan. He was taller and heavier than I, but I had beaten him twice by Ippon within a 2 or 3 minutes before. In those days, my main arsenals for Shiai were Tsurikomi-goshi, Oh-uchi-gari, Ippon-zeoi, Okuri-ashi-barai (left and right), De-ashi-barai(left and right), Oh-goshi, Harai-goshi, and Oh-soto-gari. I applied, for example, Oh-soto-gari in a different manner depending on whether the opponent was large or small, and whether the opponent used the left or right variation kumite. Therefore, I was able to adjust my technique to any type of opponent. Weakness can be turned into strength by research. Weakness and strength are not at opposing poles, but are adjacent to each other separated by a sheet of paper.

(20) The final started. Ishikawa 5th dan grabbed my back lapel with his right hand. He then pulled down his right elbow. I cut this grip by force. Next moment, I grabbed his left sleeve with my right hand, dropped my hip and initiated Ippon-zeoi. Ishikawa had anticipated this move, and had already bent his right knee. He hopped to my right side and evaded my Ippon-zeoi. But I watched how he hopped in this moment. The next attack method flashed in my head. He kept the hold of my back lapel. I attempted Ippon-zeoi again, but this time, I stepped in less than last time. He hopped again to evade the Ippon-zeoi. However, my right palm had been pressed on his right knee cap at the moment his total body weight got loaded onto his right leg. Using the rightward momentum he generated when he hopped to the right, I rolled him in the forward-rightward direction. I scored Ippon at 42 sec mark.

(21) After I graduated from Takushoku University in March 1941, I remained in the university as an assistant in the department of Martial Arts. Because of my achievement during my student days, I was paid a salary higher than full professor's salary. However, since I was scheduled to join the military 8 months later, I resigned the university in November 1941, and returned to my home in Kumamoto. On Jan 11, 1942, I entered Amaki Air Defense Unit. One day, there was an announcement that a master of Juh-ken-do (Note: Juh-ken = bayonet, Juh-ken-do = martial art for using bayonet, created exclusive for the military use, where practitioners wear the same protectors used in Kendo, i.e, face-neck guard helmet, hand-forearm pad, and chest-abdominal cover, and use wooden weapon shaped like a military rifle conjoined with a bayonet.), will come to our unit. His name was Y (Note: the name is kept anonymous) who was regarded as no.1 in Japan and was 8th dan. All the members of the unit got together in the field at 1 pm to receive instruction from Mr. Y. He explained the basics of thrust and defense. He then looked around us and said, "Any volunteer for practice with me? Come forward without any reservation.". But nobody came forward. "If I engaged in a match with such a master, I would get humiliated or could get killed.", men around me whispered.

Suddenly, Captain called my name. Now, I cannot retreat. I walked up to the master as slowly as possible to buy time and come up with a workable strategy. If I engaged in a bayonet combat, there is no way I can win. It would be like a fight between an adult and a child, since I had never held a wooden gun in my life. We bowed to each other, and held the wooden gun toward each other. I tensed up. The instructor said "Thrust, thrust. Come on, what's the matter?". I knew I would lose as soon as I thrust the gun at him. So, I waited for the right moment for attack. I fainted a thrust, and then threw the wooden gun at his face with full force. At the moment he deflected the wooden gun, I tackled at his knees. He fell to the ground. I mounted on his chest, removed his face guard despite his shouting "Wait, wait!", and tried to deliver a finishing blow to his face. "Stop, stop! It is over!". Captain stepped in and separated us, but it was clear that I won the fight. The master looked as if he did not understand what happened to him, dropped his head, and left the scene.

[LWPD]

'My Judo' by Masahiko Kimura
Translated By PDE King

(22) If I had lost the match, I might not be here today. One day, an announcement "If you wish to go to the battle field, report to the captain." was posted. I volunteered. Special 5-day vacation was given to all the volunteers. I went back to my parents' house. After I returned from the vacation, Captain of the Unit called me. He said, "I have known about your achievement in judo. I like judo, too, and often practiced in Kodokan. Compared with you, I must be like a kid, but still got the 4th dan.". He poured whisky into a glass and continued, "The match you did with the Juh-ken-do master was very interesting. First, nobody stepped forward. I knew nobody had a chance against his since he was the best master in the country. But if nobody volunteered, the dignity of our unit would be tarnished. So, even though I though I would be discourteous to you, I picked you. But once the match started, I got badly shaken when I saw your posture since you looked like a complete novice.". "Yes, that is right. I have never grabbed a wooden gun.". " I thought so. But I did not even imagine the tactics you used. I felt like bowing to you, thinking, 'After all, a man who excels in one art is different from others.'. After the match, Mr. Y came to me and asked, "Who in the world is he". I then told him about your achievements. He was deeply impressed, saying, "No wonder, he is the no.1 judo master in the world.".".

(23) He then paused, and turned his eyes downward engaging in thought. He continued, "This is a super top secret. So, do not tell this to anyone." He lowered his voice tone, and said, "Do you really want to go to the battle field?". "Yes, absolutely." "Really? But that's a problem.". I had no idea about what the problem was. "You will be sent to Solomon Islands", he said. "It is certain that B29's will be waiting for our unit. Our plan is absolutely reckless. All the members on board will perish in the ocean. Don't you think it is better to use your talent in judo and work for the benefit of the country instead of wasting your life on the battle field. I think that is the right thing for you. Do you still want to go to the battle field?. I replied, "Yes, I do.". Suddenly, his tone of voice changed, "My order is Emperor's order. You are not allowed to go!". After all, it became an order. I had to follow his order. I said, "I will withdraw my volunteer application.". He then said, "Very good, very good.", he murmured. Later on, I heard that the transportation ship unit I was going to get on board was discovered by B29's immediately before reaching Solomon Islands, had oil scattered over the entire deck, received numerous bombs, and was engulfed in flames. Of over 500 and several ten members, only one of them survived and managed to swim to a nearby island despite a severe burn. In retrospect, I owe my life to the captain. Judo moved him and saved my life.

(24) I got married on July 1, 1945. That day, at night, 300 B29's suddenly attacked my town. Thundering sounds of machine gun sweep, and the sound of explosion woke me up. I ran down the stairs, pulled and lifted two straw mats to create a shield and hid my parents and wife underneath the mats. But, I judged that being in the house was dangerous, and took them into a nearby mulberry field while dodging bullets. Bombs exploded one after another. The town was engulfed in flames. People ran around in panic. Children were crying and screaming with fear. My peaceful town was changed into a hell in a moment. Fortunately, my family managed to escape the hell. (25) Soon the war ended. In Nov 1945, Great Japan Butokukai was ordered to close by GHQ, and judo and kendo were banned. One day, in the summer of 1946, a Jeep stopped in front of my house. A number of curious neighbors gathered around my house. It was MP's Jeep. In those days, every Japanese was afraid of MP. Knowing what brought the MP Jeep, I watched them get off the Jeep, thinking, "The time has finally come. I do not care about what happens to me.". But I did not see any mean look in their faces. Rather, they were smiling and looked friendly. The interpreter said "This is Captain. Shepard of MP.", pointing at one of the men and introduced the other MP to me. They presented two super huge cakes to me, and said, "If you do not mind, we would like you to come to the MP head quarter with us." through the interpreter. I did not understand their intention. I sat in the back seat of the Jeep and recalled a week old incident.

[LWPD]

'My Judo' by Masahiko Kimura
Translated By PDE King

(25) Soon the war ended. In Nov 1945, Great Japan Butokukai was ordered to close by GHQ, and judo and kendo were banned. One day, in the summer of 1946, a Jeep stopped in front of my house. A number of curious neighbors gathered around my house. It was MP's Jeep. In those days, every Japanese was afraid of MP. Knowing what brought the MP Jeep, I watched them get off the Jeep, thinking, "The time has finally come. I do not care about what happens to me.". But I did not see any mean look in their faces. Rather, they were smiling and looked friendly. The interpreter said "This is Captain. Shepard of MP.", pointing at one of the men and introduced the other MP to me. They presented two super huge cakes to me, and said, "If you do not mind, we would like you to come to the MP head quarter with us." through the interpreter. I did not understand their intention. I sat in the back seat of the Jeep and recalled a week old incident.

(26) I was standing at the end of a line of 60 or 70 people waiting for a train at the Mukae-Machi station (near Kumamoto city, Kumamoto prefecture, Japan), and was reading a paperback. Suddenly, 4 MP men passed through the line nearby me forcibly. When I turned my eyes to them, I found them shouting, "Jap, Jap" repeatedly. One of them grabbed the Japanese man at the front of the line by the collar, pulled the Japanese man toward him. He then made a ring with the pointing finger and the thumb, and struck the nose of the Japanese man with the flipped pointing finger with full force. The man covered his nose with his hands, and stooped down from the pain. The MP men did this to everyone on the line one by one including women. When someone did not stoop down, they delivered another strike. My turn was approaching. While I was wondering about what to do, my turn came. One of the MP men extended his arm trying to grab my lapel. I struck his hand with full force. Their facial expression changed suddenly. The four MP men surrounded me and took me to the middle of Nagaroku Bridge nearby the station. This was not an ordinary fight to me. I had to win this fight to defend the honor of judo. One of them suddenly threw a right straight at my face. I blocked the punch with my left arm, and kicked him in the groin with full force. He crumbled on the spot. When I turned back my head, another huge MP extended his arms and attacked me trying to grab me from behind. I then hit his right arm hard with knife hand, and then threw him into the river by Seoi-nage. The other two were watching this scene in amazement, but charge at me one by one. I delivered a head butt into the face of the third man. He was knocked out. I disposed of the last man by squeezing his balls with full force. Eve since I was in junior high, I have been called Master Groin Squeezer, and had absolute confidence in this technique.

(27) I had asked all the audience to keep it quiet since I would be in a big trouble if the news got to MP supervisors. But somebody must have leaked the news. I started to regret what I did. But my concern turned out to be unnecessary. When I got to the MP head quarter, Capt. Shepard said, "Thank you for punishing the rogue MP's. They are the worst ones in our unit. They have sexually assaulted women, ate and drank without paying, threatened people with a pistol. We were about to be forced to punish them. They are all so depressed after you beat them up. I am truly thankful to you. I heard that you are the greatest judo master in Japan. I have a request to you. Could you teach us judo, once or twice a week. Of course, we will pay you. I myself am anxious to learn judo.". It was a big surprise to me. After this, I taught judo to them once a week for 1 hour. Captain Shepard earned 1st degree black belt one year later.

[LWPD]

'My Judo' by Masahiko Kimura
Translated By PDE King

(28) In those days, there was a black boxer named T. He was a big man weighing about 100kg, and has won a pro title. He was the best boxer in the US Marine Corps. "I am no match to you in judo, but in boxing, you will never beat me." He boasted. One day I practiced boxing with him. Since I was trained in Karate, I thought "Even though I cannot kick as in karate, it is similar to karate. So, I would be OK.". But the result was miserable. I took blows after blows. In a few minutes, my head started to "ring", and got knocked down. I also took a lot of body blows, and I was completely groggy. It was not even to be called a match since I closed my eyes even when his glove lightly passed in front of my eyes. This boxing practiced was like a fight between an adult and a child. I covered my aching head and body, and thought, "If I did not know this type of fighting in addition to judo, I would not be able to defend myself from a danger.". After this I asked him to give me boxing instruction twice a week. But the boxing "instruction" was a rough one in which I got only beaten up in a one-sided manner. One day, the state of taking so many blows really got to my nerves that I blocked his right punch with my left arm, lifted him up for Ippon-zeoi and tried to slam him onto the mat. He then said "No Judo, no, no!" with a pathetic tone of voice. So, I took him down safely to the floor. This practice lasted for 1 year. Thanks to my effort, I became able to go 40-60 with him. Of course, I was the 40.

(29) In November 1945, all school judo was banned and in November 1946, Great Japan Butokukai got shut down permanently. On July 1, 1947, West Japan Judo championship was held in Fukuoka. I beat Yasuichi Matsumoto in the final and won the championship. On March 15, 1948, Kyushu vs Kansai championship was held in Fukuoka. In the final of the individual tournament, I faced Yasuichi Matsumoto again. I threw him by my original Ippon-zeoi in which both arms of the opponent are locked. His arm broke making a snapping sound, and he flew out of the platform. (30) On May 5, 1949, 2nd post war All Japan Championship was held. My 1st opponent was Teruhisa Hatori 6th dan. He was 170cm and 110kg. His specialty was Tsuri-komi-goshi, Ippone-zeoi, Kouchi-gari, and Tai-otoshi. I was 170cm and 86kg. We both exhausted all the techniques we had, but R1 ended in a draw. In OT, I scored Okuri-ashi-barai, making him fall horizontally.

When he became on all four trying to stand up, I caught his left arm in Ude-garami, and scored Ippon. My 2nd opponent was Yoshimi Oh-sawa 5th dan from Chiba. He was a small man, but had the reputation of "the greatest Ashi-waza master". The bout started. I tried to grab him, but was very elusive. I stopped chasing him, and stepped back. He advanced for a few steps. I jumped in for a tackle. He was caught off-guard, and fell to the floor. He tried to get up immediately, but I had already initiated Osaekomi. I scored Ippon by Kuzure-kami-shiho-gatame. My 3rd opponent was Tokuharu Itoh 7th dan. He was over 190cm, and was good at Oh-soto-gari, Oh-uchi-gari, Uchimata, and Oh-goshi. I attacked him with Oh-uchi-gari and sasae-sturikomi-ashi. He countered with Oh-soto-gari and Uchimata. I threw him by Ippon-zeoi, but it was outside the platform. The bout went OT. I scored points by a successive Oh-soto-gari, and Seoinage, and won by dominance. But I opened my legs to wide when I executed Oh-sotogari, and the left inner thigh muscles got torn, causing a big swell. In the final, I faced Takahiko Ishikawa 6th dan. The platform was small. When I attempted an attack, he quickly escaped outside the platform. Chief Referee Kyuzo Mifune did not give Chui. I then tackled him down and attempted Osaeokomi, but again he escaped to outside. I then tried Soinage, but he retreated, and escaped to outside again. It was like pushing against a curtain. After all, the bout went OT. I tackled him down again, and caught him Osaekomi, but he crawled out of the platform. The 2nd OT started. I attempted Oh-soto-gari, His body wobbled, but barely managed to withstand the pressure, and countered with Tai-otoshi. The 4 columns at the 4 corners of the plat got in the way. When I pushed him, he again escaped outside. I followed with Tachiwaza and Newaza, but the time ran out. After the 2nd OT, the judges' decision had to be rendered. The 3 judges all raised both Red and White flags. It was a draw.

(31) On April 16, 1950, Pro Judo was started with 21 members. It was sponsored by a construction contractor named Mr. Takano. In the final of the first tournament, I faced Toshio Yamaguchi 6th dan. I took him down by Oh-soto-gari, and scored Ippon by Kuzure-kami-shiho-gatame in 2 min. I became the first pro judo champion. At first, it was very popular, but after 4 or 5 months, the popularity dropped suddenly. Moreover, Takano Construction, which was our sponsor, started to lose profit. Our pay started to decrease as Takano Construction started to fall. Eventually, we received no pay, which lasted about 2 months. In those days, my wife Tomiko was hospitalized for a lung disease (Note: it was probably a tuberculosis). Because of the serious food shortage in those days, most poverty stricken people never survived the disease. I had no choice but leave pro judo to save her.

(32) One day, Yamaguchi brought the president of Matsuo Enterprise in Hawaii who was a 2nd generation Japanese American. He asked me to demonstrated judo on 8 Hawaii islands for 3 months. Yamaguchi, Sakabe, and I signed the contract, left pro judo. 6 months after this, Pro Judo went out of business. In Hawaii, Sakabe and Yamaguchi demonstrated judo self defense, and I accepted challenge matches for 10 men in a row. This pleased residents of the islands. Wherever we went, the arena was super-packed. Every town was talking about judo. It was no wonder since the Japanese who were completely defeated in the war tossed around and toyed with Americans. The business was a big success, and the 3 months ended quickly. 3 days before the end of the 3 month-contract, a pro wrestling promoter Earl Karasic visited us at our hotel. He asked us if we were interested in doing pro wrestling in the Civic Hall 4 times a month. The pay was about 4 million yen in today's value (Note: the book was written in 1984 and was first published on Jan 31, 1985). Sakabe declined the offer, but I and Yamaguchi accepted it. Thanks to the money I earned in pro wrestling, I was able to buy expensive medicine for my wife. My wife recovered thanks to these medicines.

[LWPD]

'My Judo' by Masahiko Kimura
Translated By PDE King

(33) After I returned from Hawaii, I went to Brazil by the invitation of Sao Paulo Shinbun (Note: local Japanese newspaper company in Sao Paulo). Sao Paulo Shinbun, which was in a slump, came up with an idea of doing pro wrestling to revive their business. The period of contract was 4 months. The participants were I, Yamaguchi, and K 5th dan (Note: this is Kato 5th dan). This enterprise was a big success. Wherever we went, the arena was super-packed. This made Pres. Mizuno of Sao Paulo Shinbun very happy. When we asked for a pay raise, he tripled our original pay on the spot. In addition to pro wrestling, we gave judo instruction wherever we went.

(34) One day, Helio Gracie, judo 6th dan, issued a challenge to us. The rule of the bout was different from that of judo or pro wrestling. The winner was decided by submission only. No matter how cleanly a throw is executed or how long Osaekomi lasts, it does not count. He issued a challenge to K 5th dan first. The gong rang. K was in good condition, and threw Helio a number of times. However, past 15 minute mark, I started to see frustration in K's face. The throws had no damage on Helio since the mat was soft. At 30 min mark, it was evident that K was tired. "what's the matter, K? Go to Newaza, don't stand up!". Japanese audience yelled. K then threw helio down by Oh-soto-gari, mounted on Helio, and started Juji-jime. The audience roared with excitement. But, as I watched carefully, Helio was also applying a choke from below. They were trying to choke out each other. This lasted about 3 or 4 minutes. K's face started to turn pale. I shouted, "Stop!" to the referee, and jumped into the ring. When helio released his hands, K collapsed onto the mat, face first. 2 days after this bout, I saw Helio's students marching down a city street carrying a coffin. They were shouting, "Dead Japanese judoka K is in this coffin. He got killed by Helio. We ask your support for Judo Master Helio Gracie!".

(35) After this bout, the popularity of our pro wrestling show declined rapidly. The Japanese whom we encountered on the street murmured, "They must be phonies, losing in such a pathetic manner.". Helio issued another challenge, this time to Yamaguchi. Pres. Mizuno of Sao Paulo Newspaper also begged, "Mr. Yamaguchi, please kill Helio, this time.". But Yamaguchi seemed reluctant, and asked "Let me think for one night.". If he fought a judo match under the Japanese rule, Yamaguchi is superior to Helio both in Tachi-waza and Newaza. But under the Brazilian rule, if Helio got pinned on the ground, all he has to do is to stay calm and be cautious not to get caught in a choke or joint lock, and remain still till the time runs out. Helio could fight to a draw in this way. If he used this tactics, it would be difficult for Yamaguchi to make Helio surrender. I then said to Yamaguchi, "Do not bother to come up with a plan to make Helio submit. I will accept the challenge.". Until the day of the bout, we continued pro wrestling shows every other day. 3 days before the bout, local newspaper had a big headline, saying "Kimura is not a Japanese. He seems to be a Cambodian. Helio cannot fight a fake Japanese.". I was surprised to see it. I rushed to the Embassy of Japan with my passport, and got a proof that I am a Japanese.

(36) 20000 people came to see the bout including President of Brazil. Helio was 180cm and 80kg. When I entered the stadium, I found a coffin. I asked what it was. I was told, "This is for Kimura. Helio brought this in.". It was so funny that I almost burst into laughter. As I approached the ring, row eggs were thrown at me. The gong rang. Helio grabbed me in both lapels, and attacked me with Oh-soto-gari and Kouchi-gari. But they did not move me at all. Now it's my turn. I blew him away up in the air by Oh-uchi-gari, Harai-goshi, Uchimata, Ippon-zeoi. At about 10 minute mark, I threw him by Oh-soto-gari. I intended to cause a concussion. But since the mat was so soft that it did not have much impact on him. While continuing to throw him, I was thinking of a finishing method. I threw him by Oh-soto-gari again. As soon as Helio fell, I pinned him by Kuzure-kami-shio-gatame. I held still for 2 or 3 minutes, and then tried to smother him by belly. Helio shook his head trying to breath. He could not take it any longer, and tried to push up my body extending his left arm. That moment, I grabbed his left wrist with my right hand, and twisted up his arm. I applied Udegarami. I thought he would surrender immediately. But Helio would not tap the mat. I had no choice but keep on twisting the arm. The stadium became quiet. The bone of his arm was coming close to the breaking point. Finally, the sound of bone breaking echoed throughout the stadium. Helio still did not surrender. His left arm was already powerless. Under this rule, I had no choice but twist the arm again. There was plenty of time left. I twisted the left arm again. Another bone was broken. Helio still did not tap. When I tried to twist the arm once more, a white towel was thrown in. I won by TKO. My hand was raised high. Japanese Brazilians rushed into the ring and tossed me up in the air. On the other hand, Helio let his left arm hang and looked very sad withstanding the pain.

(37) In November 1951, I founded Kokusai Pro Wrestling Association. After I came back from US doing pro wrestling matches, I did pro wrestling shows throughout Japan. I those days, Rikidozan also started a new organization called Japan Pro Wrestling Association. So, mass media started to talk about Kimura vs Rikidozan match. I met with Rikidozan and asked his opinion. He said, "That is a good idea. We will be able to build a fortune. Let's do it!". The 1st bout was going to be a draw. The winner of the 2nd will be determined by the winner of a paper-scissors-stone. After the 2nd match, we will repeat this process. WE came to an agreement on this condition. As for the content of the match, Rikidozan will let me throw him, and I will let him strike me with a chop. We then rehearsed karate chop and throws. However, once the bout started, Rikidozan became taken by greed for big money and fame. He lost his mind and became a mad man. When I saw him raise his hand, I opened my arms to invite the chop. He delivered the chop, not to my chest, but to my neck with full force. I fell to the mat. He then kicked me. Neck arteries are so vulnerable that it did not need to be Rikidozan to cause a knock down. A junior high school kid could inflict cause me a knock down this way. I could not forgive his treachery. That night, I received a phone call informing me that several ten yakuza are on their way to Tokyo to kill Rikidozan.

[LWPD]

'My Judo' by Masahiko Kimura
Translated By PDE King

(38) In March 1955, I went to Mexico to do pro wrestling match. 8 months later, I went to France to teach judo during the daytime and do pro wrestling at night. I did the same in London. After spending 1 year in Paris and London, respectively, I went to Spain to teach judo and do pro wrestling matches, and stayed there for 4 months. I then went back to Paris to teach judo for 1 week, and went back to Japan in January 1958. As soon as I arrived at Kumamoto station, I was surprised to see 80 to 90 dressed up women all lined up. I wonder if any celebrity has arrived in town. My question was soon solved. Sugiyama, Vice President of "Cabaret Kimura", had lined up the hostesses. Before I left for Mexico, I had him manage the cabaret. While working as the owner of the cabaret, I contacted pro wrestling promoters in London, France, Germany, and Brazil, Mr. Takeo Yano in Brazil replied to me immediately. He was from Kumamoto Prefecture, and was also a graduate of Chinsei Junior High, 8 years senior to me. I decided to go to Brazil again.

(39) "If you refuse to fight today, the angry audiences will set fire on the arena. If this arena got burnt to ash, I would make you accountable for the damage." The promoter glared at me. "Don't be ridiculous.", Yano quickly replied, and continued, "The doctor told him not to fight. He is in no condition to fight. The match should be postponed." I had sprained my left knee when I demonstrated judo techniques in Rio De Janeiro. But the arena was already full, and over 5000 people were waiting outside the arena. The start time of the match had already passed. The audiences were booing. To the promoter, money is more important than my injury. Eventually, I and Yano were taken to a room where 3 black policemen were gathering. A small man then came out from behind the policemen, and said to me, "You are a Japanese, Mr. Kimura, aren't you? My father is also a Japanese. A while ago, a boxer became unable to show up for a fight due to an injury. The audiences then got angry and set fire on the building. The building was burnt to ash. No one knows who set the fire. Moreover, the boxer got shot with a pistol on his way home. He got killed instantaneously. Nobody knows who shot him either. Mr. Kimura, you'd better show up for the fight. Even if you may lose, it is better than getting shot to death.". He also added that he was the only Japanese in this town, and all the rest are blacks.

(40) Now I had to make a decision. My opponent Adema Santana was a 25 year old black man, and was a boxing heavy weight champion. He was 4th dan in judo, and a capoeira champion as well. He was 183cm had a well proportioned impressive physique. His weight was close to 100kg. Bahia, where the match took place, is a port city where black slaves were unloaded. The slaves were forbidden to carry a weapon. As a result, many martial arts were developed by them, I heard. Vale Tudo is one of such martial arts. In the south of Sao Paulo, pro wrestling is popular. But the farther one goes to the north, the more popular Vale Tudo becomes. Helio Gracie, whom I had previously fought, was the champion in Vale Tudo. But Adema Santana challenged him last year (Note: 1957), and after 2 hours and 10 min, Helio got kicked in the abdomen, could not get up, and got knocked out. Thus, Adema had become the new champion. In Vale Tudo, no foul is allowed. 1 foul results in an immediate disqualification. No shoes are allowed. When the fighters are separated, they are not allowed to strike with a fist, and they have to use open hand strikes. But once they get in contact with each other, every type of strike is allowed but groin strikes. All types of throws and joint locks are legal. The winner is decided when one of the fighters is KO'd or surrenders. Biting and hair pulling were illegal. Since bare knuckle punches are traded, taking direct 2 or 3 hits in the eye means the end of the fight. I was told there have been many cases in which a fighter got hit in the eye with an elbow, and the eyeball popped out from the socket by half, and got carried to the hospital by an ambulance. Therefore, there were always 2 ambulances at the entrance of the arena.

(41) "I have no choice. I will fight.", I said. Then, the promoter grinned, took out a form and told me to sign it. Yano translated the content, which said, "Even if I die in this match, it is what I intended, and will not make anyone accountable for my death.". I nodded, and signed the form. On my way to the ring, someone raised his arm and waved at me. It was Helio Gracie, whom I had not seen for several years. Helio was at the radio broadcast seat. He was the commentator of the match. The gong rang. Adema and I circled the ring first. I lightly extended my fingers in a half-body posture, and prepared for his kicks. Adema, also in a half-body posture, had tucked his chin, tightened his underarms, as he would do in a boxing match. Once in a while, he delivered high kicks to my face. I blocked the kicks with my hands, and returned a kick with my right leg. Adema started to deliver right and left round house kicks. I stepped back and dodged them, but suddenly, I received a fire-like impact on my face. It was an open hand strike. I had overlooked his hand motion, paying too much attention to his kicks. When I got hit in the temple, and the core of my head became blur, left and right round house kicks came. When I blocked his right kick with my left hand, a tremendous pain ran through from the tip of the little finger to the back of the hand. I had jammed the finger. I traded kicks with him. The entire audiences were standing with excitement. Even in this situation, I was able to think clearly. While I was thinking "Adema is one level higher than I both in kicks and open hand strikes. In order to win, I must take the fight to the ground.", another fast kick flew at my abdomen.

(42) I struck the kick down with left knife hand, and jumped in to deliver a head butt on his abdomen with a momentum that could penetrate through his body. This must have had an effect on him. He covered his abdomen, and stepped back while wobbling. I wanted to get close to him, throw him, get on top of him, and use Newaza. If I succeed in this, I could use elbow strikes and head butts. Adema recovered from the damage, and delivered a kick to my face again. I ducked the kick, and jumped in for a clinch. I got in a tight clinch to prevent him from using knee kicks or elbow strikes. We traversed along the rope. All of a sudden, I received a head cracking impact. I experienced a tremendous ear ringing, and got momentarily unconscious. I received a head butt on my left temple. It was a head butt from a side. I had thought that all the head butts would come from front. I never knew a side head butt. "I cannot lose here. I must win even if I may die.", I thought. Driven by this will power, I tried to find a way to fight back. The referee then came in between to separate us. We were already covered with blood. The fight was brought back to the center of the ring again. Adema threw a right open hand strike. I caught the arm and attempted Ippon-zeoi. It seemed like I could score a clean throw. However, it was a miscalculation. We were both heavily covered with sweat as if a large amount of water had been poured onto our heads. Moreover, he had no jacket on. There was no way such a technique could have worked under these conditions. His arm slipped through, and my body rotated in the air once forward, and landed on my back. "I screwed up!" I shouted in my mind, but it was too late. Adema immediately jumped at me. If he got on my chest, he could freely strike my eyes, nose, and chest with his elbows. I caught him in a body scissors. I squeezed his body with full force hoping to sever his intestine. Adema crumbled momentarily, but did not surrender. Since the body scissors did not finish him, I realized that I was in a disadvantageous position. When I lifted my head, hundreds of stars flew out of my eyes. I took a straight punch between my nose and my eyes. It was an accurate intense punch. The back of my head got slammed onto the mat.

(43) Moreover, an intense head butt attacked my abdomen. It felt like my organs would be torn into pieces. Once, twice, I hardened my abdominal muscles to withstand the impact, and waited for the 3rd attack. At the moment the 3rd head butt came, my right fist accurately caught Adema's face by counter. It landed between his nose and eyes. Blood splattered. I had also already been heavily covered with blood. The blood interfered with my vision. "Kill him, kill him!", the devil in my mind screamed. Adema wobbled, and stepped back, and tried to run with the ropes on his back. I chased him throwing kicks and open hand strikes. He returned head butts and elbow strikes. But, neither of us was able to deliver a decisive strike. Maybe we were both exhausted, or maybe the blood in our eyes prevented us from aiming clearly at the target. After all, the 40 min ran out, and the match ended in a draw. It was my first Vale Tudo experience. That night, my face was badly swollen. I had a number of cuts on my face. Every time I breathed, an excruciating pain ran through my belly, and could not sleep. I received an injection from a doctor, and cooled my belly with a cold towel all night. However, I learned a very important lesson in this fight. That is, one must never fear death. If I had not had the iron will to fight despite the possibility of getting killed, his head butts would have torn my intestine into pieces.

(44) I rested for 1 week after this match, and left Bahia for Sao Paulo. In Sao Paulo, a huge man named Gorigerello (Note: the spelling could be wrong) was waiting for me. He was 198 cm and 200 kg, and had tight and super strong muscles. One day, a judo 5th dan, who weighed about 120kg, tried to throw Gorigerello by Uchimata. Gorigerello then lifted up the judoka overhead at once. After this incident, his reputation as a man of unparalleled strength spread throughout Brazil. He always played the role of a heel in pro wrestling, but was well liked among the wrestlers as a gentle nice guy. One day, after I finished a pro wrestling match, Gorigerello came to see me. He said he fought many matches against judoka from Japan, but when he deposited his weight on the judoka as soon as the judoka tried to execute a throw, the judoka collapsed like a frog, and some of them got badly hurt in the lower back and got hospitalized. He then said, "I learned judo for about 6 years when I was a child. I was taught that the essence of judo is that a small man can throw a big man. I want you to show me real judo.". I had never practiced with such a big man. I spent 2 or 3 days thinking what techniques to use. One day, when my pro wrestling match ended early, I and Gorigerello stood at the center of a ring. All the audiences had gone home. The arena was empty.

(45) I, who is 170cm, looked like a child hanging on an adult no matter how I moved, and had no idea about where and how I should attempt a technique. Whenever he swung me with his hands, I wobbled side to side. When he pulled me up, my feet were lifted up in the air. He attempted Oh-soto-gari with his right leg. I withstood the pressure with full force. It was fortunate that he did not make transition from Oh-soto-gari to Oh-soto-otoshi using his weight. He followed with Oh-soto-gari, Oh-goshi, and Ashi-barai. I let him attack and concentrated on defense. He must have thought he was gaining the ground. He came forward with a momentum. I measured the timing and initiated Ippon-zeoi. His huge body was carried on my hip. He lost the center of gravity, rolled forward, and fell on his back. As he tried to get up, I threw him 3 more times in a row. He finally made a gesture of surrender, and said, "Thank you, real judo is wonderful, after all." repeatedly.

[LWPD]

As a supplement to this series...below are videos featuring some of the famous events alluded to with-in...along with a short documentary and a Judo demo by the man himself:

Kimura vs Helio Gracie

Kimura vs Rikidozan

Masahiko Kimura Demonstrating Judo Techniques

Short Kimura Documentary Clip

LWPD (whenever you see someone go for a reverse hammerlock/keylock and you hear it called a Kimura...remember the man who's name is being honored)